Duo Administration - Policy & Control

Overview

Duo Premier, Duo Advantage, and Duo Essentials plans customers gain granular control with the Policy & Control feature.

Policies are centrally-managed and can be applied...

• globally or shared between applications, so you don’t have to specify the same setting in multiple places.
• to specific user groups accessing an application. This lets you set different rules depending on who is authenticating and their context.

Duo Free plan customers have limited access to Duo policies. Free plans may only control the New User Policy via a global or shared application policy. All other available application settings are configured at the individual application.

Create and manage your policies from the top-level Policies tab in the Duo Admin Panel.

Only admins with the Owner or Administrator roles can create or edit policies. Admins with the Application Manager role may assign existing policies to applications, but may not edit or create policies.

When creating policies that restrict access for users, keep in mind that users with bypass status are not subject to these restrictions, as they bypass Duo authentication entirely.

Compact View

Policy Compact View is an Early Access feature.

To test the new compact view of your policies click Switch to compact view in the top-right of the Admin Panel. While in compact view you can alphabetically sort your policies by clicking the "Name" column heading. The compact view shows the first few applications and groups assigned each policy, as well as the last-modified time and date if edited since October 2023.

Click Rules in any row to view details about that policy, like creation and modification timestamps (since October 2023), configured and unconfigured policy rules groupings, and the full list of group or application assignments. Click a policy's name to open the policy editor.

Click Switch to expanded view if you want to return to the default policies view.

Global Policy

The Global Policy is built-in and cannot be deleted. It always applies to all applications, so you should edit this policy if there are settings you'd like to control for all users and all applications. A summary of the Global Policy settings is shown on the Policies page. Settings at the Duo defaults are greyed out.

Your Duo subscription level determines which policy options show up in the editor. For example, Duo Essentials receives a subset of the policy settings available to Duo Advantage and Duo Premier customers.

As you review the various policy settings in this document, note the Duo plans listed in the Available in information to determine if a setting applies to your subscription or not.

Editing the Global Policy

Role required: Owner or Administrator

To edit the Global Policy from the Policies page:

1. Click Edit Global Policy in the upper right of the Global Policy summary.

2. Once in the Global Policy editor, click the policy settings listed on the left side of the editor that you want to modify, then update the setting configuration on the right side of the editor.

   

3. Click Save Policy when your edits to the Global Policy are complete.

4. The Global Policy summary reflects your new policy settings (with your configured settings flagged as "Enabled").

   

5. If you'd like to restore the original Global Policy settings, open the Global Policy editor again and click the Revert to default link at the top of the "Edit Policy" window. Click Save Policy to apply the Global Policy defaults.

Changes to existing policy settings take immediate effect.

Custom Policies

If certain applications require policy and controls that differ from the Global Policy, you can create a Custom Policy and assign it to those applications. Custom policies for an application can also be limited to specific groups. Custom Policies only need to specify the settings they wish to enforce.

Create custom policies for groups or applications from either the main Policies page or from the properties page of any application. Policies may be shared between multiple groups and applications.

When you view an application, the Global Policy settings are shown because these settings apply to all applications unless they are superseded by a custom application or group policy.

Settings configured and assigned by group policy can override settings assigned by an application policy, which in turn overrides settings in the Global policy. If an application policy or group policy setting supersedes a Global Policy setting, the superseded setting is crossed out in the Global Policy view shown when viewing an application. In the example below, the "HIPAA Policy" application policy settings (New User Policy, User Location, etc.) override those same settings in the Global Policy for that specific application.

Create and Apply a Custom Application Policy

Role required: Owner or Administrator

Admins with the Owner and Administrator role can create and assign a new custom policy right from an application's properties page. You can also create a custom policy for the self-service portal. To do this:

1. Navigate to an application's properties page in the Duo Admin Panel.

2. Click the Apply a policy to all users link to assign the policy to all users of that application.

   

3. Click the Or, create a new Policy link instead of selecting a policy to apply from the drop-down list.

   

4. The policy editor launches with an empty policy.

   

5. Enter a descriptive Policy Name at the top of the left column, and then click each policy item's name to add it to your new custom policy. Each item you click is added to the policy customization area on the right, where you can adjust the settings. Click the X on the right to remove a setting from the customization area.

   

6. When you are done adding and configuring policy settings, click Create Policy to save the settings and return to the "Apply a Policy" prompt.

7. Click Apply Policy. The application page shows the new policy assignment.

   

Create and Apply a Custom Group Policy

Role required: Owner or Administrator

Admins with the Owner or Administrator role can create a new custom policy and assign it to one or more Duo groups right from an application's properties page. To do this:

1. Navigate to an application's properties page in the Duo Admin Panel.

2. Click the Apply a policy to groups of users link to assign the policy to only certain users of that application

   

3. Click the Or, create a new Policy link instead of selecting a policy to apply from the drop-down list.

   

4. The policy editor launches with an empty policy.

   

5. Enter a descriptive Policy Name at the top of the left column, and then click each policy item's name to add it to your new custom policy. Each item you click is added to the policy customization area on the right, where you can adjust the settings. Click the X on the right to remove a setting from the customization area.

   

6. When you are done adding and configuring policy settings, click Create Policy to save the settings and return to the "Apply a Policy" prompt, with your newly created policy selected. Start typing in a group's name in the Groups field and select the policy target group(s) from the suggested names.

   

7. Click Apply Policy. The application page shows the new group policy assignment.

   

Create a Custom Policy from the Policies Page

Role required: Owner or Administrator

To create a custom policy from the main Policies page:

1. Click New Policy.

   

   The policy editor starts with an empty policy.

   

2. Enter a descriptive Policy Name at the top of the left column, and then click each policy item's name to add it to your new custom policy. Each item you click is added to the to the policy customization area on the right, where you can adjust the settings. Click the X on the right to remove a setting from the customization area.

   

3. When you are done adding and configuring policy settings, click Create Policy.

   The Policies page lists the newly created policy. From the policies page you can edit or delete the custom policy by clicking the appropriate action.

   

Apply a Custom Application Policy

Role required: Owner, Administrator, or Application Manager

To assign an existing custom policy to an application:

1. Navigate to an application's properties page in the Duo Admin Panel.

2. Click the Apply a policy to all users link to assign the policy to all users of that application.

   

3. Select the policy to apply from the drop-down list.

   

   Note that admins with the Application Manager role do not see the "Or, create a new Policy" link visible to Owner and Administrator roles.

4. Click Apply Policy. The application page shows the new policy assignment.

   

Apply a Custom Group Policy

Role required: Owner, Administrator, or Application Manager

To assign an existing custom policy to a group:

1. Navigate to an application's properties page in the Duo Admin Panel.

2. Click the Apply a policy to groups of users link to assign the policy to a specific group of users who access that application.

   

3. Select the policy to apply from the drop-down list. Then start typing in a group's name in the Groups field and select the policy target group(s) from the suggested names.

   

   Note that admins with the Application Manager role do not see the "Or, create a new Policy" link visible to Owner and Administrator roles.

4. Click Apply Policy. The application page shows the new group policy assignment. Clicking the name of the policy group target displays the properties and members of the group.

   

Modify a Custom Policy

Modify an existing custom policy's settings by clicking the Edit link shown to the right of the custom policy name on the main Policies page in the Admin Panel, or from the Policy section of an individual Duo application's details page. Make your desired changes in the policy editor, and then click Save Policy.

Changes to existing policy settings take immediate effect.

Reorder Policies

The policy framework applies custom group policy settings in the order they are listed in an application's Policy properties. When group policy settings conflict, the first policy listed has the highest precedence.

You can reorder group custom policies on an application by clicking Move to Top in the actions to the right of the group policy's name. This will move that policy one spot up in the list of group policies.

In the example below, the effective policy setting is that a member of both the "CorpHQ_Users" and "ITAdmins" groups may authenticate from a device without a screen lock enabled. Reordering the policies so that the "Require Screen Lock" group policy is listed first enforces that "ITAdmin" group members always need screen lock enabled to authenticate to this application.

Update Policy Assignments

Clicking the Replace link next to any of an application's currently assigned custom policies brings up the Apply a Policy window. From this window you can pick a different custom policy to apply, or pick different groups to associate with a group policy.

View All Application Policy Assignments

The Applications page of the Duo Admin Panel lists all of your applications. The Application Policy and Group Policies columns display current policy assignments for each application.

Clicking any policy name shown on the Applications page takes you to the Policy section of the properties page for that application.

Unassign or Delete Policies

To remove a custom policy from an application, click Unassign near that policy's name in the Policy section of an application's properties page.

To delete a custom policy from Duo, navigate to the Policies page and click Delete to the right of that policy's name. Deleting the policy also removes it from any applications. The alert shows how many applications (if any) the policy currently affects.

Logging

Duo captures policy related events -- such as custom policy creation and edits to the Global Policy -- in the Administrator Actions log.

Users Policy Settings

New User Policy

Available in: Duo Free, Duo Essentials, Duo Advantage, and Duo Premier

The new user policy controls authentication for unknown users, in other words, users not yet enrolled in Duo. In Duo, an enrolled user is someone who exists in the service and has at least one authentication device attached, which can be a phone, hardware token, etc. The new user policy can be one of the following:

• Require enrollment - Users who are not enrolled in Duo see the inline self-enrollment setup process after entering their primary username and password. Users who are already enrolled in Duo are prompted to complete two-factor authentication. This is the default policy for new applications.
• Allow access without 2FA - Users who are already enrolled in Duo must use two-factor authentication. Users who do not exist in Duo are not prompted to complete enrollment and are granted access without two-factor authentication. Duo Premier, Duo Advantage, and Duo Essentials plan customers see events for users that access an application without two-factor authentication as a result of this setting in the Authentication Log.
• Deny access - Access is denied to users not enrolled in Duo. Users must be enrolled before attempting authentication, by using one of the automatic enrollment options, bulk self-enrollment, or manual enrollment by a Duo administrator..

To change the new user policy, click the radio button next to the desired setting.

Authentication Policy

Available in: Duo Essentials, Duo Advantage, and Duo Premier

Configure this policy to change how both existing Duo users and unenrolled/new users access a Duo-protected application or to change access to selected applications. This overrides less-restrictive authentication policy settings configured at the global, application, or group level. More restrictive policy settings, such as a user location policy denying access to a specific country, still apply.

• Enforce 2FA - Two-factor authentication required unless another policy does not require it. This is the default.
• Bypass 2FA - Users may log in without completing two-factor authentication or enrollment unless another policy requires it.
• Deny access - Blocks all users from authenticating.

Changing the authentication policy setting from the default prevents new users from completing inline self-enrollment while authenticating to applications. When set to "Bypass 2FA", users not enrolled in Duo bypass the frame entirely when accessing the application so there is no opportunity for self-enrollment. If authentication to the application is blocked with the "Deny Access" setting, new users cannot self-enroll in that scenario either.

Configuring this policy setting to "Bypass 2FA" also affects enforcement of permitted groups for an application. When the effective authentication policy lets a Duo user bypass two-factor authentication then the bypassed user may access the application even if they are not a member of a configured permitted group.

End users who receive enrollment links via email (like those sent by the directory sync process) may complete the Duo enrollment process via the emailed link regardless of the authentication policy setting.

As you deploy Duo throughout your organization you may need to let designated users access a certain application without Duo authentication, while requiring that they complete Duo 2FA when accessing any other protected application.

Accomplish this by first creating a Duo group (manually or via Directory Sync) containing those users.

Next, view the application which you want those group members to bypass Duo authentication in the Admin Panel. Click on Apply a policy to groups of users to create a new policy with the authentication policy set to Bypass 2FA, and then attach that new policy to your bypass group.

When the users in that Duo group access that application, they'll pass through to the application after successful verification of primary credentials. All other users accessing that application are subject to any other access policy settings applied to that application or in the global policy.

You can use the same process with the authentication policy set to Deny access to block users from accessing a selected application while still permitting them access to other Duo applications.

If you apply the authentication policy to an application as an application policy (instead of a group policy), then the configured bypass or deny access setting applies to all users of that application. Again, this overrides any other access policy set at the global level, and access to other Duo applications is unchanged.

Configuring the authentication policy within Duo's global policy affects all Duo application and all users — whether the user is enrolled in Duo or not. If you set the authentication policy to deny in the global policy then no users can access any of your Duo-protected applications (unless another policy setting permits access). Conversely, if you set the authentication policy to allow access in the global policy, then all users can access any application without completing Duo two-factor authentication (unless another policy requires 2FA).

User Location

Available in: Duo Advantage and Duo Premier

The user location looks up the geographical origin of a user's access device IP address, and can then enforce policy based on that location. You can deny all access from certain countries, or always require two-factor authentication for access requests from a country.

This policy setting overrides other access policies — like Authentication Policy, Authorized Networks, and Remembered Devices — when the setting applied here is more restrictive than the setting applied by those other policy options.

To change the user location policy, start typing in a country name to select it from the list, then change the drop-down to the desired setting for that country. The available settings are:

• No action - Permits Duo authentication from the chosen country. This is the default policy setting for all locations.

  This is also the effective setting when an authentication access device has no location (i.e. the IP address of the access device falls within a reserved private IP block or is reported as 0.0.0.0, neither of which can be geolocated).

• Allow access without 2FA - Do not require Duo authentication for access requests from the named country.

• Require 2FA - Always require two-factor authentication for IP addresses originating from the selected country.

• Deny access - Prevents all Duo authentication attempts from IP addresses originating from the specified country.

User Location and Passwordless

When you activate Duo Passwordless the user location policy expands to apply to both two-factor authentication and passwordless authentication. The default settings apply no restrictions or allowances.

The available settings are:

• Don't change authentication requirements - Permits Duo authentication from the chosen country. This is the default policy setting for all locations. This is also the setting applied when an authentication has no location (i.e. the IP address of the access device is reported as 0.0.0.0, which cannot be geolocated).
• Require 2FA or passwordless authentication even if it would normally be skipped - Always require two-factor or passwordless authentication for IP addresses originating from the selected country. This supersedes other effective policies that would permit access without 2FA or passwordless authentication.
• Skip 2FA and allow access with only a password - Do not require Duo 2FA authentication for access requests from the named country. This setting has no effect for passwordless authentication.
• Deny access - Prevents all Duo 2FA and passwordless authentication attempts from IP addresses originating from the specified country.

Learn more about Duo Passwordless and how to enable passwordless authentication for your users in the Duo Passwordless documentation.

Devices Policy Settings

Trusted Endpoints

Available in: Duo Essentials, Duo Advantage, and Duo Premier
Partially enforced for passwordless authentication

Duo's trusted endpoints feature determines whether an access device is managed by your organization or is an unmanaged "bring your own" or unknown device. When an application loads the Duo Prompt it checks for the presence of a Duo device certificate or verification information from your MDM software, Duo Desktop, or Duo Mobile on that endpoint. You can use this policy to gain information about the devices used to access your Duo-protected web applications, and optionally restrict access from unmanaged endpoints.

The primary endpoint policy options are:

• Allow all endpoints - Duo checks the endpoint for a Duo certificate or validation of trusted device status from an MDM, Duo Desktop, or Duo Mobile installed on the device, and records the endpoint's trusted status. No endpoints are blocked. This is the default.
• Require endpoints to be trusted - Duo prevents access from endpoints that fail the certificate, MDM, Duo Desktop, or Duo Mobile verification check.
• Allow Cisco Secure Endpoint to block compromised endpoints - Duo verifies Windows and macOS endpoint status in Cisco Secure Endpoint and blocks access from endpoints which Cisco Secure Endpoint identifies as "compromised". Learn more about Duo and Cisco Secure Endpoint.

It's possible to apply different trusted endpoint policies to mobile devices than to computers. For example, you may want to track the status of application access by unmanaged or untrusted workstations without blocking access, while at the same time preventing application access from unmanaged or untrusted mobile endpoints.

If you'd like to enable this functionality then click on Advanced Options for Mobile Endpoints to expose these additional selections:

• Allow all mobile endpoints - All mobile endpoints may access web-based applications. Duo checks the mobile endpoint for a Duo certificate or validation of trusted device status from an MDM or the Duo Mobile app installed on the device, and records the endpoint's trusted status.
• Require mobile endpoints to be trusted - Duo prevents access from mobile endpoints that fail the certificate, MDM, or Duo Mobile verification check.

Changing the trusted mobile endpoint option could potentially make your overall trusted endpoints deployment less secure. Learn more about the security implications of enabling mobile endpoint options in your trusted endpoints policy.

See our full Trusted Endpoints guide for more information and step-by-step deployment instructions.

Trusted Endpoints and Passwordless

When you activate Duo Passwordless the trusted endpoints policy includes a warning describing the limitations of device trust verification and passwordless authentication. Passwordless support for Trusted Endpoints device trust policy applies only to management systems that rely on Cisco Secure Endpoint verification, Duo Desktop trust verification, or Duo Mobile managed devices.

Duo Passwordless does not support trusted device verification using certificates or Google Verified Access.

When Passwordless has been enabled in your Duo account, then the trusted endpoints policy settings include additional information about compatibility between the two features.

Duo Desktop

Available in: Duo Essentials, Duo Advantage, and Duo Premier

Duo Desktop, formerly Duo Device Health, gives organizations more control over which laptop and desktop devices can access protected applications based on the security posture of the device or presence of Duo Desktop on the endpoint. The first time users log in to an application protected by the web-based Duo Prompt with the Duo Desktop policy enabled, they are prompted to download and install Duo Desktop. With Duo Desktop installed, Duo blocks access if the device is unhealthy based on the Duo policy definition and informs the user of the reason the authentication was denied.

The Duo Desktop policy can apply to Linux endpoints, macOS endpoints, and Windows endpoints — in distinct policies or all three in a single policy.

Duo Desktop policy options in Duo Essentials

Duo Desktop policy options in Duo Advantage

Within the Duo Desktop policy section you can configure whether to require Duo Desktop for application access, to require device registration using Duo Desktop from devices that meet hardware requirements, and which device health checks Duo Desktop will perform on your organization's endpoints.

Require Duo Desktop

These settings determine which operating systems require Duo Desktop installed for Duo-protected application access. For each operating system listed, make one of the following selections:

• Don’t require the app (Default): Available in all paid plans.

  With this option selected, the policy is not in effect and has no impact on end user access. End users are not prompted to install Duo Desktop when accessing a Duo-protected application. Data will be collected from Duo Desktop if present and running on the machine.

• Require the app: Available in all paid plans.

  With this option selected, but none of the Device health checks options in the policy, having Duo Desktop installed and reporting information to Duo is required for access.

  End users running devices that can install the app (Linux, macOS 10.15+, Windows 10 build 1803+, and Windows Server 2016+) see a link to download the app from the Duo authentication prompt when attempting to access a Duo-protected application associated with the policy if they do not already have the application installed. Devices that are capable of running the app but do not have it installed and running will be blocked from access.

  The app will collect health information from the device, but Duo will not block the user from getting access if it does not pass the specific firewall, encryption, and password health checks. This means that the device will be able to access the application even if the device would not pass each health check.

  Devices that cannot run the app, including older versions of Windows and macOS, mobile platforms, etc., will not be prompted to install the app and are effectively allowed to bypass the Duo Desktop policy.

Device Registration

Use the "Device registration" options in the Duo Desktop policy settings to register devices using signed payloads with Duo Desktop. Information collected during the registration process from a device with Trusted Platform Module (TPM) 2.0 or Secure Enclave is formatted and displayed with Endpoints information.

Device registration requires the following:

• Active two-factor authentication through browser-based applications using the Universal Prompt.
  • Device registration does not occur if the user bypasses two-factor authentication for any reason, such as access from a network permitted by the authorized networks policy setting, if the user has an existing remembered devices session, or bypass status set at the individual or group level.
• Windows and Linux access devices with Trusted Platform Module (TPM) 2.0 or Mac access devices with Secure Enclave.
• Duo Desktop 6.0.0/6.0.0.0 or later installed on Windows and macOS clients and Duo Desktop 3.0.0 or later installed on Linux clients.

Note: To enable device registration using Duo Desktop, first select Require the app in the Require Duo Desktop options for macOS, Windows, and/or Linux.

The primary device registration policy options are:

• Require devices to be registered using Duo Desktop - Select this option to have payloads sent from Duo Desktop and evaluated against the policy controls to determine the device’s trust status. Devices that do not have TPM 2.0/Secure Enclave cannot complete registration and will be blocked.

  The first time Duo Desktop sends a payload for a given device, it will be unsigned, and the device is sent through the automatic Duo Desktop registration.

• Block devices presenting already registered device identifiers - Select this option to block devices that attempt to register but the device does not match the policy controls. For example, the device will be blocked:

  • If there is an existing Duo Desktop registration for the device.

  • If the payload is signed, and the stored signature does not match the one sent in the payload.

  • If the payload is signed, and the stored signature matches the one sent in the payload, but it is not the oldest known registration for that device.

  When a device does not meet the security requirements of the device registration policies, the Admin Panel provides more information about why the user’s device was blocked.

  To view and manage your registered devices, see the Registered Devices section of the Endpoints page in the Admin Panel.

Device Health Checks

Available to Advantage and Premier plans. Configuring any of the device health check options for an operating system requires the Require Duo Desktop option set to "Require the app" for the corresponding operating system.

With device health checks configured, users must have Duo Desktop installed, running, and reporting information to Duo, and the device must satisfy the specified health requirements for access.

End users running devices that can install the app (Linux, macOS 10.15+, Windows 10 build 1803+, and Windows Server 2016+) see a link to download the app from the Duo prompt when attempting to access a Duo-protected application associated with the policy if they do not already have the application installed. Devices that are capable of running the app but do not have it installed and running will be blocked from access.

The app collects health information from the device, and Duo will allow or block access to the protected application based on the device health checks options selected.

The collapsed device health check view reflects the effective configuration:

• Reporting: When you don't require users to have Duo Desktop.
• Enforcing: When you require users have Duo Desktop installed and optionally block access when devices don't comply with your selected options.

Devices that cannot run the app, including older versions of Windows and macOS, mobile platforms, etc., will not be prompted to install the app and are effectively allowed to bypass the Duo Desktop policy.

Note that the default "fail-open" Duo Desktop policy configuration allows you to enforce health checks for supported devices, while not blocking users who need to access an application using a non-supported device. You can optionally use Duo's Operating Systems policy to restrict other device types from accessing the application.

Device Health Check Options

Available in: Duo Advantage and Duo Premier

Block access to Duo-protected applications if devices don't comply with your selected device health check options. You can enforce the following health requirements for each OS:

• Firewall is disabled: Blocks access if the firewall is disabled on the endpoint.
• Disk encryption is disabled: Only for Linux endpoints. Blocks access if disk encryption is disabled on the Linux endpoint.
  • Exclude virtual machines running Linux: (Early Access) If Duo Desktop detects that it's running on a Linux virtual machine, disk encryption enforcement is skipped.
• FireVault is disabled: Only for macOS endpoints. Blocks access if FireVault is disabled on the macOS endpoint.
  • Exclude virtual machines running macOS: (Early Access) If Duo Desktop detects that it's running on a macOS virtual machine, FireVault enforcement is skipped.
• BitLocker is disabled: Only for Windows endpoints. Blocks access if BitLocker is disabled on the Windows endpoint.
  • Exclude virtual machines running Windows: (Early Access) If Duo Desktop detects that it's running on a Windows virtual machine, BitLocker enforcement is skipped.
• System password is not set: Blocks access if the system password is not set on the endpoint.
• An endpoint security agent is not running: Only available for Duo Premier plan customers. See Security Agent Verification to learn more.

Security Agent Verification

Duo Premier plan customers can use Duo Desktop's antivirus/anti-malware agent device health checks to verify that endpoints have one of these supported security solutions listed below in place before accessing an application:

• BitDefender Endpoint Security
• Cisco Secure Endpoint (previously known as Cisco AMP for Endpoints)
• CrowdStrike Falcon Sensor
• CylancePROTECT
• Trellix Endpoint Security (formerly known as McAfee Endpoint Security)
• Palo Alto Cortex XDR
• SentinelOne
• Sophos AV (only shown in the list for Windows and macOS)
• Symantec Endpoint Protection
• Trend Micro Apex One (only shown in the list for Windows and macOS)
• VMWare Carbon Black Cloud
• Windows Defender (only shown in the list for Windows)

See our full Duo Desktop guide for more information and step-by-step deployment instructions.

If you configure operating system version policy settings for Windows and macOS, consider deploying Duo Desktop to clients or enabling Duo Desktop installation during Duo enrollment to enhance OS version detection for those systems, even if you don't use the Duo Desktop policy options to verify security posture during authentication. Reliable detection and policy enforcement against Windows 11 requires Duo Desktop.

Remembered Devices

Available in: Duo Essentials, Duo Advantage, and Duo Premier

Note: Remembered devices is currently not supported for Universal Prompt with Trusted Endpoints when accessing protected applications from a mobile device.

Duo's remembered devices feature is similar to the "remember my computer" or "keep me logged in" options users familiar to users from primary authentication to websites and applications.

With the remembered devices feature enabled, users of the Duo traditional prompt and Duo Authentication for Windows Logon see a "Remember me" option, and users of Duo Universal Prompt see "Is this your device?". When users select this option during Duo authentication, they will not be challenged for Duo authentication when they log in again from that device for a set period of time.

Note: Endpoint checks for trust status, security posture, etc. still occur during a remembered device login session.

Disabling a user invalidates existing remembered device sessions.

You can enable remembered devices separately for web applications or Duo Authentication for Windows Logon, or for both in a single policy with distinct session lengths. If you plan to enable Duo Passwordless be aware that the remembered devices policy options apply to both passwordless and password plus 2FA application logins.

Duo Essentials policy options:

Duo Advantage and Premier policy options:

Browser-Based Applications

The Remember devices for browser-based applications setting works with applications that show the Duo Prompt in a browser. Choose between traditional remembered devices, where the user opts-in during authentication, or Risk-Based Remembered Devices. Enabled by default for Duo Advantage and Premier customers.

• Allow users to remember their device for nn: This enables traditional remembered devices. Default setting: off. Enter the desired number of days or hours — up to 365 days — for the setting and then choose one of these options:

  • After a user has confirmed for any application, their device will be remembered for all applications.: When a user checks the "Remember me" box on the traditional Duo Prompt or opts to remember this browser on your device on the Universal Prompt, it creates a trusted session for that user, client browser, and endpoint after successful Duo authentication. Duo won't prompt for authentication again for the duration specified if a user logs into that or any other web applications assigned a remembered device policy with this same option selected when the trusted session is still valid and the authenticator used to create the session is also permittted for the additional application.

    This is especially helpful for users of Duo Single Sign-On. In this scenario, you would create a policy with remembered devices for all applications and then apply that same policy to each Duo-protected SAML application for which you don't want additional 2FA prompts. When a user logs into one of the protected SAML apps with that policy, like Google Workspace, and chooses to remember that device, the user isn't prompted for Duo access again when accessing other SAML apps via Duo Single Sign-On which also allow remembered devices for all applications in their effective policy.

    In practice, we recommend configuring your remembered devices policy for browser-based applications at the global policy level, and then creating application and group level policies without remembered devices to override an existing trusted login session for those sensitive or restricted-access web applications where you want your users to perform Duo authentication again.

    If a user has started a remembered device session for any browser-based application and you delete or remove any device from that user from the Admin Panel, the session will be revoked and the user will have to perform two-factor authentication again the next time they try to log into a browser-based application with that remembered devices policy.

  • Users will be asked to confirm for each application, then their device will be remembered for that application only.: When a user opts in to remembering their browser in an application, then it only applies to that individual Duo-protected service or application. Subsequent access of the same application will not require 2FA after a user checks the "Remember me" box on the traditional Duo Prompt or opts to remember this browser on your device on the Universal Prompt, but if a user accesses a different application protected by Duo then the user will have to approve a Duo login request again for those other applications.

• Remember devices using risk-based authentication for up to nn: (Available in: Duo Advantage and Duo Premier) This setting applies Risk-Based Remembered Devices, which analyzes user authentications for IP and device patterns and either suppresses additional two-factor authentication prompts after the initial login for the duration defined (default: 30 days), or prompts for two-factor authentication before the defined duration expires if anomalous access is detected. Default setting: enabled.

  See our full Risk-Based Authentication documentation for more information and step-by-step deployment instructions.

Duo Authentication for Windows Logon

The Remember devices for Windows Logon setting works with Duo Authentication for Windows Logon version 4.2.0 and later. When enabling remembered devices for local Windows logons, enter the desired number of days or hours — up to 365 days — for the Allow users to remember their device for setting. Default setting: off.

This policy setting only affects "Microsoft RDP" Duo applications. If you configure this setting in your global policy, or assign it to any application types other than Microsoft RDP, it has no effect on other application types and users will not see the remembered device option during Duo authentication from those other applications.

Additionally, remembered devices settings do not apply to remote access Windows logins over RDP; the "Remember me" option shown for local console logins won't be present at RDP login. If you want to bypass Duo authentication for RDP connections, consider applying an Authorized Networks policy to the application.

When a user logs into Windows at the local workstation or server console and checks the "Remember me" box during Duo authentication, it creates a trusted session for that user on that host with that IP address after successful Duo authentication. Duo won't prompt for authentication again when the user locks and unlocks the workstation, or for credentialed UAC elevation by that user, for the duration specified in the policy setting.

Duo Authentication for Windows Logon invalidates the local trusted session on that Windows system before it expires if the user logs out of Windows or reboots, if the user cancels a remembered authentication in process, if the user authenticates with offline access for Windows logon, or if the network state of the system changed from the network state at session creation.

Administrators may revoke use of trusted Duo sessions by disabling or unassigning a remembered devices policy for Windows Logon from a Microsoft RDP application, or by deleting the registry entry for the user session from the Windows client. Learn more about this in the Windows Logon FAQ.

Operating Systems

Available in: Duo Advantage and Duo Premier

Operating systems policies apply to:

• Which operating systems and versions are allowed to access your applications when protected by Duo's browser-based authentication prompt, while also encouraging users running older operating systems to update to the latest version.

• Which mobile OS platforms and versions may be used with Duo Mobile to approve two-factor authentication requests or generate passcodes for authentication. When you block a given mobile operating system, then that restriction applies to use of Duo Mobile to authenticate to all Duo-protected applications, not just those that use Duo's browser prompt, and prevents enrollment of Duo Mobile for any device with that OS. See Mobile Platforms to learn more about operating system policy for mobile platforms.

You may block access from all versions of any of the OS platforms listed in the policy editor: Android, BlackBerry, Chrome OS, iOS, Linux, macOS, Windows, and Windows Phone.

The default settings do not allow access, authentication, or enrollment from browsers on BlackBerry devices and Windows Phones. All other Duo-supported operating systems and mobile platforms are allowed with no warnings.

Duo offers more granular options for the Android, iOS, macOS, and Windows operating systems, like warning on or blocking access below a certain version, warning the user that they need to update to an approved version instead of blocking access outright, and setting a grace period for warning or blocking a user after a version becomes outdated.

• Duo only considers numbered operating system releases when making policy evaluations. Security updates that do not increment the OS version cannot be detected or blocked by Duo's operating systems policy.
• Duo generally defines the "latest" version as the most recently released available OS version or build, and defines "up-to-date" as the most recent patch release for a given OS version or build.
• "End-of-life" indicates that the software vendor no longer releases security updates for that version.

Scroll down in the policy editor to see all OS options.

Encourage Users to Update While Still Permitting Access

Enable the Encourage users to update option by picking your minimum allowable OS version from the drop-down selector. You can choose to select a specific version, or let Duo determine the most recent available up-to-date or end-of-life version.

Check the OS Specific Version Data section of this document for additional details about how Duo determines the "up-to-date" or "end-of-life" status for a given operating system.

After choosing the OS version, select a grace period from the When a version becomes out of date or end of life, encourage to update choices. Setting this to "Immediately" means users see the warning as soon as their current version is lower than the version you selected. You can delay the Duo warning for up to 365 days. Look to the right of your selection to see a summary of your new policy setting.

Once configured, Duo shows a notification during authentication or enrollment to your users informing them that they should update when accessing your Duo-protected resource from a device running an operating system version older than your selection.

Universal Prompt Example Scenario

You may choose to encourage macOS users to update "If less than the latest" and to start encouraging them "Immediately".

A user accessing your application from a Windows 8 PC sees a message in the Universal Prompt indicating their operating system is out of date.

Users can click Skip for now to continue to the application, or click See how to update to view instructions for their operating system.

Traditional Prompt Example Scenario

You may choose to encourage Windows users to update versions "below 8.1" and to start encouraging them "Immediately".

A user accessing your application from a Windows 8 PC sees a warning at the bottom of the traditional Duo Prompt. Clicking "Let's update it" provides the user with information on how to update the operating system. Users can proceed past the warning by clicking "Skip".

Block Access from Outdated Versions

Restrict application access to only the versions you've allowed by making a selection in the Block versions option for an OS, along with a corresponding grace period for blocking. Blocking any operating system version(s) prevents users from completing authentication or new user enrollment from that disallowed OS (or OS version).

Universal Prompt Example Scenario

You choose to block macOS versions "If less than the latest", which prevents authentication or enrollment for any user trying to access your application from a computer no running the latest version of macOS

Choosing to block an out-of-date macOS version with a warning grace period gives users a countdown in the out-of-date warning letting them know when they will be required to update their endpoint to continue accessing the application.

If the user doesn't update their operating system by the end of the warning period, or if you chose to immediately block access from the user's OS version, the Universal Prompt denies application access with the update instructions available from the prompt.

Traditional Prompt Example Scenario

You choose to block users with Windows versions "below 8.1", which prevents authentication or enrollment for any user trying to access your application from a Windows 8 computer. A user accessing your application from a Windows 8 PC can't proceed past the out-of-date software notification.

Block Access from an Operating System

Uncheck the "Allow" option for an OS to prevent access entirely, i.e. if you uncheck Allow Windows Devices in the policy editor, then users accessing your application from any version of Windows are blocked. They can click See what is allowed for information about the operating systems you permit or block.

 

Mobile Platforms

The Android and iOS mobile platforms can also be restricted to a minimum allowed version or blocked entirely. Blocking any version of a mobile OS platform, e.g. iOS or Android, not only restricts use of the mobile device to access Duo-protected resources that feature the browser-based traditional Duo Prompt or Universal Prompt on those OS platforms or versions, but also prevents use of Duo Mobile to approve Duo Push requests or generate usable passcodes to complete two-factor authentication for any Duo-protected application on devices running the restricted OS.

If you were to block iOS versions "below 15.0" then any users with Apple devices running iOS 14.x or lower can no longer access Duo-protected applications from mobile Safari, nor can they approve Duo Push request or use Duo Mobile passcodes from those devices to authenticate to any Duo-protected application, whether it's accessed via browser or not. If a user has other additional activated devices running a different mobile platform, the functionality of the other devices is not affected.

When a mobile device operating system or version is restricted users see a message indicating the mobile version or platform can't be used to complete authentication in the browser-based traditional Duo Prompt. The Universal Prompt will indicate that it sent the Duo Push request to the phone, and then show a "Something went wrong" error.

Duo Mobile notifies the user that the mobile platform or version is not allowed when attempting to approve the Duo Push request as well.

Passcodes from a hardware token or received via SMS are allowed, as are phone call authentications, but entering a passcode generated by Duo Mobile on any device running the restricted platform results in an error stating that platform is not permitted.

As an example scenario, if you disallow Android devices then your iOS users continue to receive and approve Duo Push requests, and can also authenticate with SMS passcodes, application passcodes, hardware tokens, or over the phone. Your Android users can only use SMS passcodes to authenticate, approve a login via phone call, or use a hardware token passcode. If you wanted to completely prevent any use of Android phones to approve authentications, you'd also need to disable the "Phone callback" and "SMS passcodes" options in the Authentication Methods policy setting. Keep in mind that disabling phone and SMS authentication affects authentication for all users, no matter what mobile OS they use.

OS Specific Version Data

These operating system sections and tables detail the state of our version data for the four major OS platforms as of June 9th, 2021. This data maps to the operating system policy options as follows:

• The current version for an OS platform whose status in the tables below is "Current" satisfies the If less than the latest policy option. All other versions are considered out of date.

• The current version for an OS platform whose status in the tables below is "Current" or "Supported" satisfies the If not up to date policy option for macOS and Android, and all other versions are considered out of date.

All versions for an OS platform whose status in the tables below is "End of Life" (EOL) fall in scope for the If end of life policy option. Note that out-of-date versions for "Current" or "Supported" status products pass this policy as they aren't considered end of life.

macOS Version Information

Release Name	Base Version	Current Version	Status	Date Marked EOL
Sonoma	14	14.4.1	Current	n/a
Ventura	13	13.6.6	Supported	n/a
Monterey	12	12.7.4	Supported	n/a
Big Sur	11	11.7.10	End of Life	2023-10-26
Catalina	10.15	10.15.7	End of Life	2022-12-12
Mojave	10.14	10.14.6	End of Life	2021-10-25
High Sierra	10.13	10.13.6	End of Life	2020-12-14
Older Mac Releases	< 10.13	n/a	End of Life	n/a

As of macOS 11, up-to-date versions of major browsers (Safari, Chrome, Firefox, and Edge) have frozen the OS version reported via the browser user agent string as 10.15.6, 10.15.7, or 10.16, impacting the ability to detect whether macOS 11 and later is truly up to date when relying only on information reported to Duo by the browser.

Duo does not block user access from endpoints that report the frozen 10.15.x macOS version in the browser user agent string, as the macOS software on those endpoints may actually be a later, up-to-date version.

Duo Desktop detects and reports the actual macOS version, enabling reliable OS version verification during Duo authentication. Duo recommends using Duo Desktop on macOS 11 or newer clients to enable accurate macOS version checking, blocking, and reporting, especially if you choose to apply a Duo operating systems policy with the "If less than the latest" option selected, or pick a static version of 11.0 or greater.

Enforcement of policies that specify Apple Rapid Security Response (RSR) update versions also require the macOS endpoint to have Duo Desktop installed to accurately report the OS version. Browsers do not report the RSR portion of the OS version and Duo's operating systems policy will not block those authentications.

Learn more about how Duo Desktop enables granular operating system policy for macOS in the Duo Desktop documentation.

Windows Version Information

Build Name	Base Version	Current Version	Status	Date Marked EOL
Windows 11 23H2	10.0.22631	10.0.22631.3447	Current	n/a
Windows 11 22H2	10.0.22621	10.0.22621.3447	Current	n/a
Windows 11 21H2	10.0.22000	10.0.22000.2899	Current	n/a
Windows 10 22H2	10.0.19045	10.0.19045.4291	Current	n/a
Windows 10 21H2	10.0.19044	10.0.19044.4291	Current	n/a
Windows 10 21H1	10.0.19043	10.0.19043.2364	End of Life	2022-12-13
Windows 10 20H2	10.0.19042	10.0.19042.2965	End of Life	2022-06-14
Windows 10 2004	10.0.19041	10.0.19041.1415	End of Life	2022-01-11
Windows 10 1909	10.0.18363	10.0.18363.2274	End of Life	2021-06-08
Older Windows 10 Builds	< 10.0.18363	n/a	End of Life	n/a
Windows 8.1	6.3.9200	6.3.9600	End of Life	2023-02-06
Windows 8	6.2	n/a	End of Life	2016-01-12
Windows 7	6.1	n/a	End of Life	2020-02-11
Older Windows Releases	< 7	n/a	End of Life	n/a

Duo’s end-of-life determination for Windows 10 and Windows 11 builds relies on the date that Microsoft marks that build as end of life for Windows Enterprise and Education editions.

For Windows 10 20H2 and earlier versions of Windows 10, Duo’s end-of-life determination was based the date that Microsoft marked a build as end of life for Windows 10 Home and Professional editions.

For Windows operating systems before Windows 10, the Duo end-of-life determination matches Microsoft's stated "Extended End Date" for that version.

• Windows 8.1 supported until January 10, 2023; will be marked end of life on February 6. 2023.
• Windows 8 supported until January 12, 2016
• Windows 7 supported until January 14, 2020

Refer to the Lifecycle FAQ for Windows for more details.

A browser user agent provides a limited amount of information about Windows 10 and 11 versions. As of Windows 11, up-to-date versions of major browsers (Chrome, Firefox, and Edge) have frozen the OS version reported via the browser user agent string as Windows 10, impacting the ability to detect whether Windows 11 and later is truly up to date when relying only on information reported to Duo by the browser.

Duo does not block user access from endpoints that report the frozen Windows 10 version in the browser user agent string, as the Windows software on those endpoints may actually be a later, up-to-date version.

Duo Desktop detects and reports the actual Windows build version and the security patch version, enabling reliable OS version verification during Duo authentication. Duo recommends using Duo Desktop on Windows 10 and 11 clients to enable accurate Windows version checking, blocking, and reporting for specific Windows versions, especially if you choose to apply a Duo operating systems policy with the "If less than the latest" option selected, or pick a static version of Windows 11 or greater.

The "Encourage users to update" and "Block versions" policy options do not apply to Windows Server, as it has its own versioning system. If Duo Desktop detects that it's running on a Windows Server, OS version policy enforcement is skipped.

Learn more about how Duo Desktop enables granular operating system policy for Windows in the Duo Desktop documentation.

Android Version Information

Release Name	Base Version	Current Version	Status	Date Marked EOL
Android 14	14	14.0.0	Current	n/a
Android 13	13	13.0.0	Supported	n/a
Android 12	12	12.1.0	Supported	n/a
Android 11	11	11.0.0	End of Life	2024-03-27
Android 10	10	10.0.0	End of Life	2023-11-14
Android 9	9	9.0.0	End of Life	2022-05-04
Android 8	8	8.1.0	End of Life	2022-05-04
Android 7	7	7.1.2	End of Life	2020-09-28
< 7	n/a	n/a	End of Life	n/a

Duo's end-of-life determination for Android is that versions that still receive security patches are considered supported. However, Duo does not check for the presence of security patches on Android devices.

Versions no longer receiving security patches are considered end of life.

iOS Version Information

Release Name	Base Version	Current Version	Status	Date Marked EOL
iOS 17	17	17.4.1	Current	n/a
iOS 16	16	16.7.7	Supported	n/a
iOS 15	15	15.8.2	Supported	n/a
iOS 14	14	14.8.1	End of Life	2022-01-25
iOS 13	13	13.7	End of Life	2020-09-25
Older iOS Releases	< 12	n/a	End of Life	n/a

Duo bases the end-of-life determination for iOS on Apple's historical update patterns. Historically, we considered only the most recent iOS version supported, but this has changed. Apple began providing security patches for older releases, starting with iOS 14 and iOS 15. This means our end-of-life determination is no longer solely based on the release of a new iOS version. We now consider an iOS version end-of-life when Apple no longer releases security updates to that version.

Enforcement of policies that specify Apple Rapid Security Response (RSR) update versions require Duo Mobile activated for Duo Push on the iOS device to accurately report the OS version. Browsers do not report the RSR portion of the OS version and Duo's operating systems policy will not block those authentications.

Browsers

Available in: Duo Advantage and Duo Premier

Enable this feature to inform your users when their web browser is out of date and optionally block access to your Duo-protected resources from clients with older browser versions or an entire browser family. This policy supports Chrome, Chrome Mobile, Edge, Edge Chromium Mobile, Firefox, Firefox Mobile, Internet Explorer, Mobile Safari, Safari, and other browsers. The default setting allows all versions of all browsers and warns users if their browser is out of date.

When the "Warn users if their browser is out of date" option is enabled, users authenticating via the Duo Prompt see a notification when the web browser version used is older than the current release version. Instructions for updating or a link to the browser vendor's website are provided if applicable. If you have only opted to warn users, they may skip the software update and complete authentication. The out of date notification continues appearing during authentication attempts until the end user updates to the current version.

Universal Prompt	Traditional Prompt

You may also choose to block user access when web browsers are out of date and specify a grace period during which users may continue to authenticate with older versions (0 days to one year after the current release).

If you set your policy to block access from out of date browsers, users can skip past the software update warning up until the end of the grace period you specified in the policy. After that, users may not continue to Duo new user enrollment and authentication. Only updating the browser to a current version permits a user to complete Duo authentication or enrollment.

Restrict user access from certain web browsers completely by selecting the browser under "Always block".

See Software Update in the user guide for more information.

Plugins

Available in: Duo Advantage and Duo Premier
Not enforced for passwordless authentication

Enable this feature to inform your users when selected plugins are out of date or block access to your Duo-protected resources from clients with outdated plugins (or block a plugin entirely). The default setting blocks all versions of Flash plugins and warns users when their Java plugin is out of date.

When the "Warn users" option is enabled, users authenticating via the Duo Prompt see a notification when the selected plugins are older than the current release version. If you have only selected to notify users of the outdated software, they may skip the software update and complete authentication. The software update notification continues appearing during authentication attempts until the end user updates the affected plugin.

You may also choose to block user access when plugins are out of date and specify a grace period during which users may continue to authenticate with older versions (0 days to one year after the current release).

If you set your policy to block access from out of date plugins, users can skip past the software update warning up until the end of the grace period you specified in the policy. After that, users may not continue to Duo new user enrollment and authentication. Only updating the affected plugins permits a user to complete Duo authentication or enrollment.

Restrict user access with certain plugins completely by selecting "Block all versions".

Configure software notifications for either or all of the following plugins:

• Flash - Checks whether or not the browser uses the Flash plugin. Adobe ended support for Flash on December 31, 2020, and began blocking Flash content from running in Flash Player on January 12, 2021. With Flash at its end-of-life (EOL), version updates are no longer possible. Therefore, the Duo policy options no longer check for the latest version, and only offer the options to allow or block all versions of Flash.

  Customers who configured a Flash plugin policy that checks for out-of-date versions prior to the Flash EOL still see those settings when viewing or editing those existing policies, but should be aware that the end of update availability means that all versions are considered out of date.

  

  Duo recommends that all customers set the Flash plugin policy to Block all versions.

• Java - Checks the version of the Java plugin used by the current browser and notifies the user if it is out of date. A link is provided to the Oracle Java download site.

See Software Update in the user guide for more information.

Networks Policy Settings

Authorized Networks

Available in: Duo Essentials, Duo Advantage, and Duo Premier
Partially enforced for passwordless authentication

Define global or application 2FA policies for different networks with Duo's authorized networks policy. Essentials customers can minimize Duo prompts for specific networks, while Advantage and Premier customers have additional options to require Duo authentication or block access entirely on a per network basis. The default settings apply no per-network restrictions or allowances.

The authorized policy options are:

• Allow access without 2FA from these networks - Users accessing Duo-protected resources from these networks skip Duo secondary authentication. Specify a block of IP addresses, IP ranges, or CIDRs as a comma-separated list. If you have enabled Duo Passwordless for your organization the description of this setting mentions this has no effect on passwordless authentication.

  By default, Duo prompts users to enroll when logging in from an authorized network when the new user policy is set to require enrollment. To prevent unenrolled users from receiving the Duo enrollment prompt when connecting from an authorized network, uncheck the Require enrollment from these networks setting.

• Require 2FA from these networks - Users accessing Duo-protected resources from these networks must always complete Duo secondary authentication, even when another policy that permits bypassing Duo applies. Specify a block of IP addresses, IP ranges, or CIDRs as a comma-separated list. This overrides remembered device trust.

  Note that the setting is Require MFA from these networks when passwordless is enabled.

• Deny access from all other networks - Use this option to block user access from any network not configured in the "allow access" or "require 2FA" options. At least one network must be defined for 2FA bypass or enforcement to enable this setting.

  WARNING

  Enabling the deny access option blocks access from Duo applications that don't report client IP! This prevents connections for any Duo application that shows the client IP as 0.0.0.0. Before configuring the setting please review your authentication logs in the Admin Panel to verify your Duo-protected applications report the client IP.

If there is any overlap between the network segments or IP addresses defined in the "allow access" and "require 2FA" options, then the more restrictive policy setting applies and access requires Duo authentication.

The Duo Essentials plan authorized networks policy only permits specifying a network to bypass Duo Essentials for regular (not passwordless) authentication, and does not include the require or deny options.

Anonymous Networks

Available in: Duo Advantage and Duo Premier

Duo can help you monitor and optionally prevent authentication attempts originating from known anonymous IP addresses, such as those provided by TOR and I2P, HTTP/HTTPS proxies, or anonymous VPNs.

• No action - Permits Duo authentication or bypass from anonymous IP addresses. This is the default policy setting.
• Require 2FA - Always require two-factor authentication for requests from anonymous IP addresses.
• Deny access - Prevents all Duo authentication attempts from anonymous IP addresses.

Anonymous Networks and Passwordless

When you activate Duo Passwordless the anonymous networks policy expands to apply to both two-factor authentication and passwordless. The available settings are:

• Don’t change authentication requirements - Permits Duo two-factor authentication and bypass or passwordless authentication from anonymous IP addresses. This is the default policy setting.
• Require 2FA or passwordless authentication even if it would normally be skipped - Always require two-factor authentication or passwordless authentication for requests from anonymous IP addresses. This supersedes other effective policies that would permit access without 2FA or passwordless authentication.
• Deny access - Prevents all Duo authentication attempts from anonymous IP addresses.

Learn more about Duo Passwordless and how to enable passwordless authentication for your users in the Duo Passwordless documentation.

Authenticators Policy Settings

Risk-Based Factor Selection

Available in: Duo Advantage and Duo Premier

Duo’s Risk-Based Authentication automatically detects and mitigates commonly known attack patterns and high-risk anomalies to provide a higher level of security without compromising end-user experience.

The Risk-based Factor Selection policy setting enables detection and analysis of authentication requests and adaptively enforces the most-secure factors in order to highlight risk as well as adapt its understanding of normal user behavior.

Duo Risk-Based Factor Selection works with existing authentication methods policy for web-based applications that show the Duo Universal Prompt and for the Duo Auth API application (meaning any client app that uses the named "Duo Auth API" application). When we identify a risky logon attempt for a user we restrict the authentication methods allowed for that user until they successfully authenticate with a permitted factor.

The default setting enables Risk-Based Factor Selection with a six-character verification code.

See our full Risk-Based Authentication documentation for more information and step-by-step deployment instructions.

Authentication Methods

Available in: Duo Essentials, Duo Advantage, and Duo Premier

Duo offers a variety of ways that users can receive their second authentication factor: one-tap authentication with a WebAuthn passkey or Duo Push, a passcode sent via SMS, an automated voice call, and so on (see our detailed explanation of all authentication methods). Unless otherwise noted, all authentication methods options are available to paid Duo editions, including those for Duo Passwordless and verified Duo Push.

Phone calls and SMS passcode text messages consume telephony credits. Check the rate card to see how many credits will be consumed for users in different locations.

If you disallow an authentication method in a policy, this also prevents self-enrollment of that method. You can create a custom policy for the self-service portal to allow users to enroll different authentication methods than the ones used to authenticate to the application.

Authentication methods policy options:

• Platform authenticator (WebAuthn) - Users interact with the methods integrated into their device hardware and operating system, like the Touch ID fingerprint reader on a Mac, to authenticate. Default setting: enabled for Touch ID, Face ID, Windows Hello, and Android biometric.
• Roaming authenticator (WebAuthn) - Users tap an FIDO2-compliant WebAuthn security key to authenticate. Default setting: enabled for USB, Bluetooth or NFC security keys.

  • Require user verification with PIN or biometric. With this option enabled users must perform the extra step of PIN or biometric verification as supported by their security key model in both the Universal Prompt and the traditional Duo Prompt. The Duo device enrollment process prompts users to set a PIN or configure biometrics if it hasn't already been done for that security key. Default setting: off.

    Users who registered a compatible security key before this policy setting was enabled may need to remove and re-register their security key to add user verification support. Please see article 8091 in the Duo Knowledge Base for more details about the effects of enabling this policy setting.

    This option blocks use of roaming authenticators which do not support FIDO2 user verification, so if any of your users have older security keys you should either exclude them from effective policies requiring user verification, allow an alternative authentication method available to those users in the effective policy, or issue them updated security keys that do support user verification.

• Duo Push - Duo's service sends an authentication request to the Duo Mobile iOS or Android app for the user to approve or deny. Default setting: enabled.
  • Verified Duo Push requires entry of a numeric code shown in the Duo Universal Prompt or in the UI of an Auth API client application before approving the Duo Push request. Set to three digits by default. No effect if you apply this selection to applications that do not show the Duo Universal Prompt or Auth API application with clients not updated to support verification codes. Enabled by default for Duo Essentials customers.
• Duo Mobile passcodes - Users authenticate with a passcode generated in the Duo Mobile app. Default setting: off.
• SMS passcodes - Users receive a text message with a Duo passcode that they use to authenticate. Default setting: enabled. Duo attempts to send the SMS passcode once. If you would like Duo to retry sending the passcode text upon encountering a messaging error then enable the Automatically send a new passcode up to 3 times if delivery fails. option.
• Phone callback - Users receive a phone call from Duo and press a digit to approve the login request. Default setting: off.
• Hardware tokens - Users enter passcodes generated by a physical device issued by your organization. Default setting: enabled.

WebAuthn security keys and passkeys can be used with the browser-based Duo Prompt when accessing applications with Chrome 70 and later, Edge 79 and later, or Firefox 60 and later on macOS and Windows, and Safari 13 and later on macOS. WebAuthn Touch ID support is available only in Chrome 70 or later on a Touch ID compatible MacBook.

To restrict or allow authentication methods, just choose from the available options.

For example, when "Phone callback" is deselected then phone call no longer appears as an option in the traditional Duo Prompt. A user could still opt to send an SMS passcode after clicking Enter a Passcode.

In the Duo Universal Prompt, phone call isn't in the list of available login options. Sending a passcode to the phone via text message remains available.

If all methods are deselected, then only bypass codes may be used to authenticate.

Note: If Duo Push is disabled but Duo Mobile passcode is enabled then user will be able to use Duo Mobile to generate a one-time passcode (much as they might with a hardware token). You can prevent users from using the app to generate one-time passcodes by not enabling the Duo Mobile passcodes authentication method.

Verified Duo Push

The verification code option for Duo Push provides additional security against push harassment and fatigue attacks by asking the user to enter a verification code while approving a Duo Push authentication request. It also provides improved fraud reporting from end-users by directing them toward the fraud report option in Duo Mobile when they receive unexpected Duo Push login requests.

When a user logs into an application that shows the Duo Universal Prompt or uses an Auth API client application updated to support Duo Verified Push and you have push verification enabled in the effective policy, they will see a numeric code three to six digits in length (based on your preference) in the prompt which must be entered to approve the Duo Push request on their authentication device. This ensures users cannot accidentally approve login requests when they aren't actively logging in to the application.

Enable verification for Duo Push by selecting the Always require a Verified Duo Push with n digits. option shown under the Duo Push authentication method. When enabling this option you may select a verification code length from three to six digits (default: 3).

Verified Duo Push requires:

• A Duo-protected browser-based application with the Duo Universal Prompt activated or an Auth API application that has a client updated to support Verified Duo Push.
• Duo Mobile 4.16.0 or later on Android 8 or later.
• Duo Mobile 4.17.0 or later on iOS 13 or later.

Users with an older version of Duo Mobile receive a Duo Push request without the code entry field. When they try to approve then the login fails and they see a message instructing them to update their software. If your users can't update their devices then make sure you allow another authentication method which they can use instead.

The Authentication Log shows when a verification code was used to approve a Duo push request, when an incorrect code was entered, and when a user denied the push request as a mistake or fraud. If the response indicated the login request was suspicious, Duo sends an email notification to the administrators specified in the Alert email global setting.

Passwordless Authentication Methods

When you activate Duo Passwordless the authentication methods policy expands to include settings for passwordless authentication methods. These new passwordless methods aren't enabled in your existing policies, including the Global Policy, until you expressly edit a policy to enable them.

Enabling any of the passwordless methods in a policy permits use of passwordless authentication for any Duo Single Sign-On application subject to that policy. The passwordless authentication methods settings have no effect for non-SSO applications, as those applications do not support passwordless logins today.

The authentication method options for passwordless logins are:

• Platform Authenticators: This enables end-user authentication using biometric sensors built into their devices, such as Touch ID or Face ID on Apple devices, Windows Hello on Windows 10 and 11 systems, or Android biometrics. Enabling platform authenticators prompts just those users with compatible access devices to register a passwordless authenticator when they log in.

• Roaming Authenticators: This enables end-user authentication using FIDO2-compliant WebAuthn security keys, like those from Yubico or Feitian. Enabling roaming authenticators prompts all users to register a passwordless authenticator whenever they log in.

• Duo Push: This enables end-user authentication by approval of a login request pushed to Duo Mobile on a user's Android or iOS device. Duo Push authentication for Duo Passwordless is enabled via a browser cookie for the specific browser used to log in to a protected application from a given access device. When the user approves a Duo Push request for passwordless login, they must perform biometric or PIN/passcode verification while they approve the login request. Users may also need to enter a verification code into Duo mobile to complete the passwordless Duo Push login depending on the known and trusted status of the browser used.

Learn more about Duo Passwordless and how to enable passwordless authentication for your users in the Duo Passwordless documentation.

Duo Mobile App

Available in: Duo Advantage and Duo Premier

The Duo Mobile smartphone app is an essential part of most organizations' two-factor deployment. We may need to issue app updates to address security vulnerabilities should any be discovered. The Require up-to-date security patches for Duo Mobile policy setting allows Android and iOS authentication from devices running Duo Mobile version 3.8.0 (released in April 2015) or later for both iOS and Android, while preventing authentication from Duo Mobile versions prior to that minimum secure version.

Example outcomes with this option enabled:

• A user with Duo Mobile 3.7.0 is blocked; 3.7.0 is an older release than 3.8.0.
• A user with Duo Mobile 3.57.0 can authenticate; 3.57.0 is a newer release than 3.8.0.
• A user with Duo Mobile 4.10.0 can authenticate; 4.10.0 is a newer release than 3.8.0.

We recommend that users install the latest available Duo Mobile version for their mobile platform and operating system version, and enable automatic updates to keep Duo Mobile secure and up to date.

The default setting requires iOS and Android devices to be running Duo Mobile 3.8.0 or newer.

To see more ways to manage Duo Mobile, see the Duo Mobile App section on the global Settings page.

Tampered Devices

Available in: Duo Advantage and Duo Premier

It is possible to gain privileged access to the operating system of a mobile device. This is known as "rooting" on Android, and "jailbreaking" on iOS. Tampered, rooted, and jailbroken devices may be considered a security risk because they are more vulnerable to exploit by malware and malicious apps.

Duo can verify whether a device is rooted or jailbroken and prevent authentication from those devices. Duo performs jailbreak detection on iOS and, in addition to checking for rooted access on Android, also utilizes Google's Play Integrity device attestation (as of Duo Mobile version 4.40.0) to identify tampered-with Android devices. Android devices running Duo Mobile versions older than 4.40.0 will stop reporting tampered status when Google discontinues the SafetyNet service in June 2024.

You can prevent Duo authentication approvals from tampered-with or rooted Android and jailbroken iOS devices by enabling the Don't allow authentication from tampered devices policy setting. This setting has no effect on other mobile platforms.

The default setting does not allow authentications from tampered iOS and Android devices.

Screen Lock

Available in: Duo Advantage and Duo Premier

Enabling screen lock with passcode on iOS or with PIN on Android secures devices by requiring input of a numeric code when turning on your device or unlocking the screen. If the screen is locked when a Duo Mobile push authentication request is received, then the screen must be unlocked before approving the authentication request.

Require your users to set a PIN or passcode on their devices by enabling the Don't allow authentication from devices without a screen lock option in the "Screen Lock" policy. With this option enabled, users must have screen lock enabled on their devices to approve Duo Push authentication requests or log in with a passcode generated by the Duo Mobile app. Users may still approve phone call login requests and use SMS passcodes texted to a device without screen lock. If you wanted to completely prevent authentications from phones without screen lock configured, you'd also need to disable the "Phone callback" and "SMS passcodes" options in the Authentication Methods policy setting.

This setting applies to all supported Android versions (2.2 and up). For iOS devices, this setting is only enforced on version 8 and higher. Devices running iOS 7 and lower can still authenticate without enabling screen lock. To ensure that Apple devices used to authenticate comply with the screen lock requirement, you may change the Operating Systems policy for iOS to "Block users if their version is below 8.0".

The default setting requires that screen lock be enabled to approve a Duo authentication request received via push or use a Duo Mobile generated passcode.

Full-Disk Encryption

Available in: Duo Advantage and Duo Premier

Disk encryption protects device data from unauthorized access. Booting an encrypted device requires entering a passcode or PIN at device boot. Apple devices automatically encrypt the filesystem, but on Android devices encryption is enabled by the end user separately after enabling screen lock.

Prevent Duo authentication from Android devices without disk encryption by enabling the Don't allow authentication from devices without full-disk encryption option in the "Full-Disk Encryption" settings. Note that a PIN is required at startup in order for a device's status to show as encrypted.

The default setting does not require full-disk encryption to approve a Duo authentication request from an Android device. This setting has no effect on iOS.

Mobile Device Biometrics

Available in: Duo Advantage and Duo Premier

Biometric identity verification, like Apple's Touch ID and Face ID or Android Fingerprint, makes two-factor authentication even more secure.

In the policy editor, select the Require additional biometric verification option to require biometric approval for Duo Push from supported devices. Use of Duo Mobile generated or SMS passcodes remains unaffected, as well as authentication via phone call.

Fingerprint and Touch ID authentication requires Duo Mobile app versions 3.7 or above for iOS and version 3.10 or above for Android and minimum OS versions iOS 8 or Android 5.0 Lollipop. Face ID requires iOS 11 and Duo Mobile 3.19. Devices running earlier versions of Duo Mobile, iOS, and Android can not authenticate without biometric verification when you enable this policy setting.

Requiring biometric verification changes the Duo Push workflow. Users may no longer approve an authentication request from the app notification. Tapping the Duo notification opens the Duo Mobile app. After you tap "Approve" on the authentication request, scan your enrolled finger at the Touch ID or Android PIN prompt or perform Face ID verification to confirm the authentication approval. If you are unable to authenticate with a biometric factor you can fall back to your device's passcode.

You can disable fall back to passcodes by selecting Don't allow device passcode as a fallback when biometric verification fails. For this setting, fingerprint and Touch ID authentication requires Duo Mobile version 4.51.0 or above and minimum OS versions iOS 8 or Android 10.0. Face ID requires iOS 11 and Duo Mobile version 4.51.0 or above. Devices running older versions of Duo Mobile, iOS, or Android cannot authenticate without biometric verification when this policy setting is enabled.

The default setting does not require any biometric verification to approve a Duo Push authentication request from any device. All Duo Mobile, Android, and iOS versions may authenticate (subject to any other version restriction policy settings you may configure).

More Information

Please refer to the Duo Policy Guide for supplemental information about constructing effective custom policies and assigning them to your Duo applications and users.

Please also refer to the Duo Admin API for information about using the Policies Admin API endpoint to programmatically create policies, modify policy settings, and attach policies to applications and groups.

Video Overview

Troubleshooting

Need some help? Try searching our Knowledge Base articles or Community discussions. For further assistance, contact Support.

All Duo customers have access to Level Up, our online learning platform offering courses on a variety of Duo administration topics. To access Level Up content, sign in with the same email address you use to sign in to the Duo Admin Panel.

Level Up course: Policy & Access Control for Everyone